Bone Markings (Table 7.2)įoramen (holes through which blood vessels can pass through)įigure 7.2.1 – Bone Features: The surface features of bones depend on their function, location, attachment of ligaments and tendons, or the penetration of blood vessels and nerves. As with the other markings, their size and shape reflect the size of the vessels and nerves that penetrate the bone at these points. A hole is an opening or groove in the bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to enter the bone. In general, their size and shape is an indication of the forces exerted through the attachment to the bone. These are the attachment points for tendons and ligaments. A projection is an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone. These surfaces tend to conform to one another, such as one being rounded and the other cupped, to facilitate the function of the articulation. As the name implies, an articulation is where two bone surfaces come together (articulus = “joint”). There are three general classes of bone markings: (1) articulations, (2) projections, and (3) holes. Table 7.2 describes the bone markings, which are illustrated in ( Figure 7.2.1). The surface features of bones vary considerably, depending on the function and location in the body.
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